ZK Developer's Reference/UI Composing/Shadow for MVC

Since 8.0.0

Introduction

In ZK 8.0.0, we have introduced shadow elements, such as a boilerplate code, to help application developers compose HTML layouts with dynamic data. It is inspired by Shadow DOM to enable better composition of ZK components. For more details, please check out our ZK MVVM Reference. You can also use shadow elements with the MVC pattern; however, there are some differences. We will discuss this more in the following sections.

In the MVC pattern, developers can declare shadow tags in zul files, but the behavior is very different without MVVM annotation. For example,

<apply template="any" />
<template name="any">
    ...
</template>

The shadow element "apply" will not exist after the output is rendered to the client, so developers can't dynamically change the template content. For this purpose, we provide two kinds of Java classes for those who favor MVC:

• ShadowTemplate
• CollectionTemplate

They are NOT like the typical shadow elements defined in zul but components you can only create in Java code.

Setup

Before using shadow elements, make sure you include the required jar - zuti.jar. With maven, you should add the dependency below:

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.zkoss.zk</groupId>
        <artifactId>zuti</artifactId>
        <version>${zk.version}</version>
    </dependency>

Wire Shadow Components

Like wiring a UI component, you can wire a shadow component.

Use ShadowTemplate

ShadowTemplate is a utility class that allows developers to apply shadow elements in Java class. It has a similar behavior to Apply; for example, developers can specify the template or pass parameters. The difference is that developers must designate a boolean value, called autodrop, to indicate whether to drop those rendered children or not. If true, every time the user changes the template or detaches from the original host, ShadowTemplate will HtmlShadowElement.recreate() or remove the children; otherwise, rendered children will remain. After instantiating ShadowTemplate instance, developers can trigger ShadowTemplate.apply(Component) to compose the specified template, with shadow host passed as a parameter. Note: the passed host should be the same one if autodrop is true, or pass null to detach the original host first.

Note: ShadowTemplate doesn't support setting both template and template URI at the same time; one of them should be a null or empty string before setting another.

Example

Assume we have a zul file like this:

<zk>
	<div apply="DemoComposer">
		<div id="host1"></div>
	</div>
	<template name="labels">
		<label value="zul label"/>
		<x:label>xhtml label</x:label>
		<n:span>native span</n:span>
	</template>
</zk>

and in DemoComposer.java

1 @Wire
2 Div host1;
3 
4 public void doAfterCompose(Component comp) throws Exception {
5 	super.doAfterCompose(comp);
6 	ShadowTemplate st = new ShadowTemplate(true); //autodrop = true
7 	st.setTemplate("labels");
8 	st.apply(host1);
9 }

• Line 6: we instantiate a new ShadowTemplate with autodrop which is equal to true.
• Line 7: assign the template name to st.
• Line 8: call apply method and shadow host is Div host1.

Then, we can see template "labels" are rendered and the created components are attached to host1.

If we have a button to change the template:

	@Listen("onClick = #btn")
	public void clickBtn() {
		st.setTemplate("othertemplate");
		st.apply(st.getShadowHost());
	}

Those components rendered before will be detached first before attaching the new ones. Note: developers have to call apply(host) method again.

If developers want to apply other shadow hosts, please apply null first and then reapply like this:

st.apply(null);
st.apply(otherHost);

And the rendered components will also be detached.

Another case is when autodrop is equal to false. Here, neither changing the template nor applying other hosts (yes, you can apply whichever hosts you want) will cause rendered components to be detached.

Use CollectionTemplate

CollectionTemplate is similar to ShadowTemplate. The difference is that developers can assign ListModel and CollectionTemplateResolver for iterative rendering.

Example

The basic usage is simple. Here we demonstrate by using the previous sample code:

<zk>
	<div apply="DemoComposer">
		<div id="host1"></div>
	</div>
	<template name="labels">
		<label value="zul one ${each} "></label>
		<x:label>xhtml one ${each} </x:label>
		<n:span>native one ${each} </n:span>
	</template>
</zk>

The each in line 6, 7, 8 represents each item in ListModel, and in DemoComposer.java

@Wire
Div host1;
ListModel model = new ListModelList(Arrays.asList(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}));

public void doAfterCompose(Component comp) throws Exception {
	super.doAfterCompose(comp);
	CollectionTemplate ct = new CollectionTemplate(true); //autodrop = true
	ct.setModel(model);
	ct.setTemplate("labels");
	ct.apply(host1);
}

Developers have to prepare a ListModel and assign it to the CollectionTemplate instance; they will then see that the template is created multiple times. Similarly, in cases where either the template or model is changed, apply(host) must be triggered for the effect to take place. The benefit of using CollectionTemplate is that every time the model's content changes, the layout will change as well, no matter if autodrop is true or false.

CollectionTemplateResolver

More advanced usage is to assign CollectionTemplateResolver to resolve template by evaluating the variable reference from model in runtime.

<zk>
	<div id="root" apply="DemoComposer">
		<div id="host1"></div>
	
		<template name="male">
			<div>
				<label>I'm male, my name is ${each.name}</label>
			</div>
		</template>
		<template name="female">
			<div>
				<label>I'm female, my name is ${each.name}</label>
			</div>
		</template>
	</div>
</zk>

The each in line 7, 12 represents each item in ListModel, and in DemoComposer.java

@Wire
Div host1;
ListModelList<Person> model = new ListModelList<Person>(new ArrayList<Person>() {{
	add(new Person(true));
	add(new Person(false));
	add(new Person(false));
	add(new Person(true));
}});

public void doAfterCompose(Component comp) throws Exception {
	super.doAfterCompose(comp);
	CollectionTemplate ct = new CollectionTemplate(true); //autodrop = true
	ct.setModel(model);
	ct.setTemplateResolver(new MyCollectionTemplateResolver<Person>());
	ct.apply(host1);
}

public class MyCollectionTemplateResolver<E extends Person> implements CollectionTemplateResolver<E> {
	public Template resolve(E o) {
		if (o.getGender())
			return root.getTemplate("male");
		else
			return root.getTemplate("female");
	}
}

public class Person {
	String name = "old name";
	boolean isMale = true;
	.... getter and setter
}

In this example, we assign a CollectionTemplateResolver instead of template name or URI, and you will see template "male" is rendered when the gender of Person variable is male. That means, CollectionTemplate provides not only setTemplate and setTemplateURI but also supports determining template dynamically by giving CollectionTemplateResolver like line 14, so the template will be resolved by evaluating the variable reference from model in runtime.

Because these 3 methods: setTemplate(), setTemplateURI() and setTemplateResolver(), serve the same purpose, please just call one of them. If you call them all, the later one will override the previous one.

Comparison

Although the behavior of ShadowTemplate and Macro component looks similar, there are some differences.

	ShadowTemplate	Macro Component
change host/parent	if autodrop is true, the rendered components will change parent; otherwise, they will stick with the same parent(or host).	doesn't matter if it is in-line or not; the rendered components will change parent.
change template/uri	if autodrop is true, the rendered components will be detached; otherwise, they will stick with the same parent(or host).	doesn't matter if it is in-line or not; the rendered components will be detached.

In short, while using Macro components, we would have to instantiate more than one to achieve this goal. ShadowTemplate has more flexibility for templating; with only one ShadowTemplate instance, developers can render anywhere without losing those rendered components. CollectionTemplate, too, can render template iteratively with ListModel, a task impossible for Macro component.