JDBC"
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{{ZKDevelopersReferencePageHeader}} | {{ZKDevelopersReferencePageHeader}} | ||
− | ZK | + | __TOC__ |
+ | |||
+ | ZK aims to be as thin as the presentation tier. In addition, as the code executes at the server, so connecting database is no different from any desktop applications. In other words, ZK doesn't change the way you access the database, no matter you use JDBC or other persistence framework, such as [http://www.hibernate.org/ Hibernate]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | =Use JDBC = | ||
+ | The simplest way to use JDBC, like any JDBC tutorial might suggest, is to use <code>java.sql.DriverManager</code>. Here is an example to store the name and email into a [http://www.mysql.com/ MySQL] database. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <source lang="java"> | ||
+ | public class JdbcComposer extends SelectorComposer<Window> { | ||
+ | |||
+ | private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(JdbcComposer.class.getName()); | ||
+ | @Wire | ||
+ | private Textbox name; | ||
+ | @Wire | ||
+ | private Textbox email; | ||
+ | |||
+ | @Listen("onClick = button") | ||
+ | public void submit() { | ||
+ | PreparedStatement stmt = null; | ||
+ | Connection conn = null; | ||
+ | try { | ||
+ | //load driver and get a database connection | ||
+ | Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); | ||
+ | conn = DriverManager.getConnection( | ||
+ | "jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?user=root&password=R3f@ct0r"); | ||
+ | stmt = conn.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO user values(?, ?)"); | ||
+ | |||
+ | //insert what end user entered into database table | ||
+ | stmt.setString(1, name.getValue()); | ||
+ | stmt.setString(2, email.getValue()); | ||
+ | |||
+ | //execute the statement | ||
+ | stmt.executeUpdate(); | ||
+ | } catch(Exception e){ | ||
+ | log.severe(e.toString()); | ||
+ | }finally { //cleanup | ||
+ | if (stmt != null) { | ||
+ | try { | ||
+ | stmt.close(); | ||
+ | } catch (SQLException ex) { | ||
+ | log.severe(ex.toString()); //log and ignore | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | if (conn != null) { | ||
+ | try { | ||
+ | conn.close(); | ||
+ | } catch (SQLException ex) { | ||
+ | log.severe(ex.toString()); //log and ignore | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </source> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
<source lang="xml" > | <source lang="xml" > | ||
− | <window title="JDBC demo" border="normal" | + | <window title="JDBC demo" border="normal" apply="org.zkoss.reference.developer.integration.JdbcComposer"> |
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<vbox> | <vbox> | ||
<hbox>Name : <textbox id="name"/></hbox> | <hbox>Name : <textbox id="name"/></hbox> | ||
<hbox>Email: <textbox id="email"/></hbox> | <hbox>Email: <textbox id="email"/></hbox> | ||
− | <button label="submit | + | <button label="submit"/> |
</vbox> | </vbox> | ||
</window> | </window> | ||
− | </source> | + | </source> |
− | + | ||
− | Though simple, it | + | Though this way is simple, but it has obvious drawback. After all, ZK applications are web-based applications, where loading is unpredictable and treasurable resources such as database connections have to be managed more effectively. |
Luckily, all J2EE frameworks and Web servers support a utility called connection pooling. It is straightforward to use, while managing the database connections well. We will discuss more in the next section. | Luckily, all J2EE frameworks and Web servers support a utility called connection pooling. It is straightforward to use, while managing the database connections well. We will discuss more in the next section. | ||
Line 58: | Line 73: | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
---- | ---- | ||
− | '''Tip:''' Unlike other Web applications, it is possible to use < | + | '''Tip:''' Unlike other Web applications, it is possible to use <code>DriverManager</code> with ZK, though ''not recommended''. |
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
Line 65: | Line 80: | ||
To know when a desktop becomes invalid, you have to implement a listener by use of <javadoc type="interface">org.zkoss.zk.ui.util.DesktopCleanup</javadoc>. | To know when a desktop becomes invalid, you have to implement a listener by use of <javadoc type="interface">org.zkoss.zk.ui.util.DesktopCleanup</javadoc>. | ||
− | = | + | = Use a Connection Pool= |
− | {{ | + | Connection pool is a mechanism for creating and managing a pool of connections that are ready to use by a thread that needs them. Instead of closing a connection immediately, it keeps them in a pool such that the next connection request could reuse them. Connection pool, in addition, has a lot of benefits, such as control resource usage. |
− | { | + | |
− | ! | + | It's recommended to use connection pool if you want to operate Java Connection directly when developing web-based applications, including ZK applications. |
− | + | ||
− | + | The usage of connection pool is simple: configure, connect and close. The way to connect and close a connection is very similar to the ad-hoc approach, while the configuration depends on what web server and database server are in use. | |
− | + | ||
− | + | == Connect and Close a Connection == | |
− | + | After configuring the connection pool (which will be discussed in the following section), you could use JNDI to retrieve an connection as follows. | |
+ | |||
+ | <source lang="java"> | ||
+ | public class DatasourceComposer extends SelectorComposer<Window> { | ||
+ | |||
+ | @Wire | ||
+ | private Textbox name; | ||
+ | @Wire | ||
+ | private Textbox email; | ||
+ | |||
+ | @Listen("onClick = button") | ||
+ | public void submit() { | ||
+ | |||
+ | Connection conn = null; | ||
+ | PreparedStatement stmt = null; | ||
+ | try { | ||
+ | DataSource ds = (DataSource) new InitialContext().lookup("java:comp/env/jdbc/MyDB"); | ||
+ | conn = ds.getConnection(); | ||
+ | //remember that we specify autocommit as false in the context.xml | ||
+ | conn.setAutoCommit(true); | ||
+ | stmt = conn.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO user values(?, ?)"); | ||
+ | stmt.setString(1, name.getValue()); | ||
+ | stmt.setString(2, email.getValue()); | ||
+ | stmt.executeUpdate(); | ||
+ | |||
+ | stmt.close(); | ||
+ | stmt = null; | ||
+ | } catch (SQLException e) { | ||
+ | try{ | ||
+ | conn.rollback(); | ||
+ | }catch(SQLException ex){ | ||
+ | //log | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | //(optional log and) ignore | ||
+ | } catch (Exception e) { | ||
+ | //log | ||
+ | } finally { //cleanup | ||
+ | if (stmt != null) { | ||
+ | try { | ||
+ | stmt.close(); | ||
+ | } catch (SQLException ex) { | ||
+ | //(optional log and) ignore | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | if (conn != null) { | ||
+ | try { | ||
+ | conn.close(); | ||
+ | } catch (SQLException ex) { | ||
+ | //(optional log and) ignore | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <source lang="xml" > | ||
+ | <window title="JDBC demo" border="normal" apply="org.zkoss.reference.developer.integration.DatasourceComposer"> | ||
+ | <vbox> | ||
+ | <hbox>Name : <textbox id="name"/></hbox> | ||
+ | <hbox>Email: <textbox id="email"/></hbox> | ||
+ | <button label="submit"/> | ||
+ | </vbox> | ||
+ | </window> | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Notes:''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | * It is important to close the statement and connection after use. | ||
+ | * You could access multiple databases at the same time with multiple connections. Depending on the configuration and J2EE/Web servers, these connections could even form a distributed transaction. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Configure Connection Pool == | ||
+ | The configuration of connection pool varies from one J2EE/Web/Database server to another. Here we illustrate some of them. You have to consult the document of the server you are using. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Tomcat 5.5 (and above) + MySQL === | ||
+ | To configure connection pool for Tomcat 5.5, you have to edit <code>$TOMCAT_DIR/conf/context.xml</code><ref> Thanks Thomas Muller ([http://asconet.org:8000/antville/oberinspector http://asconet.org:8000/antville/oberinspector]) for correction. | ||
+ | |||
+ | See also [http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-5.5-doc/jndi-resources-howto.html http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-5.5-doc/jndi-resources-howto.html] and [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/ZK/How-Tos/HowToHandleHibernateSessions#Working_with_the_Hibernate_session http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/ZK/How-Tos/HowToHandleHibernateSessions#Working_with_the_Hibernate_session] for more details.</ref>, and add the following content under the <code><Context></code> element. The information that depends on your installation and usually need to be changed is marked in the blue color. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <source lang="xml" > | ||
+ | <!-- The name you used above, must match _exactly_ here! | ||
+ | The connection pool will be bound into JNDI with the name | ||
+ | "java:/comp/env/jdbc/MyDB" | ||
+ | --> | ||
+ | <Resource name="jdbc/MyDB" username="someuser" password="somepass" | ||
+ | url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test" | ||
+ | auth="Container" defaultAutoCommit="false" | ||
+ | driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" maxActive="20" | ||
+ | timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis="60000" | ||
+ | type="javax.sql.DataSource" /> | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Then, in <code>web.xml</code>, you have to add the following content under the <code><web-app></code> element as follows. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <source lang="xml" > | ||
+ | <resource-ref> | ||
+ | <res-ref-name>jdbc/MyDB</res-ref-name> | ||
+ | <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type> | ||
+ | <res-auth>Container</res-auth> | ||
+ | </resource-ref> | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Notes''' | ||
+ | <references/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | === JBoss + MySQL === | ||
+ | The following instructions is based on section 23.3.4.3 of the reference manual of MySQL 5.0. | ||
+ | |||
+ | To configure connection pool for JBoss, you have to add a new file to the directory called deploy (<code>$JBOSS_DIR/server/default/deploy)</code>. The file name must end with "<code>*-ds.xml</code>" (* means the database, please refer to <code>$JBOSS_DIR/docs/examples/jca/</code>), which tells JBoss to deploy this file as JDBC Datasource. The file must have the following contents. The information that depends on your installation and usually need to be changed is marked in the blue color. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code>mysql-ds.xml:</code> | ||
+ | <source lang="xml" > | ||
+ | <datasources> | ||
+ | <local-tx-datasource> | ||
+ | <!-- This connection pool will be bound into JNDI with the name | ||
+ | "java:/MyDB" --> | ||
+ | <jndi-name>MyDB</jndi-name> | ||
+ | <connection-url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</connection-url> | ||
+ | <driver-class>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driver-class> | ||
+ | <user-name>someuser</user-name> | ||
+ | <password>somepass</password> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <min-pool-size>5</min-pool-size> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!-- Don't set this any higher than max_connections on your | ||
+ | MySQL server, usually this should be a 10 or a few 10's | ||
+ | of connections, not hundreds or thousands --> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <max-pool-size>20</max-pool-size> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!-- Don't allow connections to hang out idle too long, | ||
+ | never longer than what wait_timeout is set to on the | ||
+ | server...A few minutes is usually okay here, | ||
+ | it depends on your application | ||
+ | and how much spikey load it will see --> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <idle-timeout-minutes>5</idle-timeout-minutes> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!-- If you're using Connector/J 3.1.8 or newer, you can use | ||
+ | our implementation of these to increase the robustness | ||
+ | of the connection pool. --> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <exception-sorter-class-name>com.mysql.jdbc.integration.jboss.ExtendedMysqlExceptionSorter</exception-sorter-class-name> | ||
+ | <valid-connection-checker-class-name>com.mysql.jdbc.integration.jboss.MysqlValidConnectionChecker</valid-connection-checker-class-name> | ||
+ | |||
+ | </local-tx-datasource> | ||
+ | </datasources> | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | To specify the JNDI name at which the datasource is available , you have to add a <code>jboss-web.xml</code> file under the WEB-INF folder. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code>jboss-web.xml</code> | ||
+ | <source lang="xml"> | ||
+ | <jboss-web> | ||
+ | <resource-ref> | ||
+ | <res-ref-name>jdbc/MyDB</res-ref-name> | ||
+ | <jndi-name> java:/MyDB </jndi-name> | ||
+ | </resource-ref> | ||
+ | </jboss-web> | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | In <code>web.xml</code>, you have to add the following content under the <code><web-app></code> element as follows. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <source lang="xml" > | ||
+ | <resource-ref> | ||
+ | <res-ref-name>jdbc/MyDB</res-ref-name> | ||
+ | <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type> | ||
+ | <res-auth>Container</res-auth> | ||
+ | </resource-ref> | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | === JBoss + PostgreSQL === | ||
+ | <source lang="xml" > | ||
+ | <datasources> | ||
+ | <local-tx-datasource> | ||
+ | <!-- This connection pool will be bound into JNDI with the name | ||
+ | "java:/MyDB" --> | ||
+ | <jndi-name>MyDB</jndi-name> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!-- jdbc:postgresql://[servername]:[port]/[database name] --> | ||
+ | <connection-url>jdbc:postgresql://localhost/test</connection-url> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <driver-class>org.postgresql.Driver</driver-class> | ||
+ | <user-name>someuser</user-name> | ||
+ | <password>somepass</password> | ||
+ | <min-pool-size>5</min-pool-size> | ||
+ | <max-pool-size>20</max-pool-size> | ||
+ | <track-statements>false</track-statements> | ||
+ | </local-tx-datasource> | ||
+ | </datasources> | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =download= | ||
+ | *Please download the [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zkforge/files/Small%20Talks/JDBC%28JNDI%20sample%29/Mysql_tomcat.war/download source(Tomcat 5.5 (and above) + MySQL)] | ||
+ | *Please download the [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zkforge/files/Small%20Talks/JDBC%28JNDI%20sample%29/jboss%2Bmysql.zip/download source(JBoss + MySQL)] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
{{ZKDevelopersReferencePageFooter}} | {{ZKDevelopersReferencePageFooter}} |
Latest revision as of 04:34, 5 February 2024
ZK aims to be as thin as the presentation tier. In addition, as the code executes at the server, so connecting database is no different from any desktop applications. In other words, ZK doesn't change the way you access the database, no matter you use JDBC or other persistence framework, such as Hibernate.
Use JDBC
The simplest way to use JDBC, like any JDBC tutorial might suggest, is to use java.sql.DriverManager
. Here is an example to store the name and email into a MySQL database.
public class JdbcComposer extends SelectorComposer<Window> {
private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(JdbcComposer.class.getName());
@Wire
private Textbox name;
@Wire
private Textbox email;
@Listen("onClick = button")
public void submit() {
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
Connection conn = null;
try {
//load driver and get a database connection
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?user=root&password=R3f@ct0r");
stmt = conn.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO user values(?, ?)");
//insert what end user entered into database table
stmt.setString(1, name.getValue());
stmt.setString(2, email.getValue());
//execute the statement
stmt.executeUpdate();
} catch(Exception e){
log.severe(e.toString());
}finally { //cleanup
if (stmt != null) {
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException ex) {
log.severe(ex.toString()); //log and ignore
}
}
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException ex) {
log.severe(ex.toString()); //log and ignore
}
}
}
}
}
<window title="JDBC demo" border="normal" apply="org.zkoss.reference.developer.integration.JdbcComposer">
<vbox>
<hbox>Name : <textbox id="name"/></hbox>
<hbox>Email: <textbox id="email"/></hbox>
<button label="submit"/>
</vbox>
</window>
Though this way is simple, but it has obvious drawback. After all, ZK applications are web-based applications, where loading is unpredictable and treasurable resources such as database connections have to be managed more effectively.
Luckily, all J2EE frameworks and Web servers support a utility called connection pooling. It is straightforward to use, while managing the database connections well. We will discuss more in the next section.
Tip: Unlike other Web applications, it is possible to use
DriverManager
with ZK, though not recommended.
First, you could cache the connection in the desktop, reuse it for each event, and close it when the desktop becomes invalid. It works just like traditional Client/Server applications. Like Client/Server applications, it works efficiently only if there are at most tens concurrent users.
To know when a desktop becomes invalid, you have to implement a listener by use of DesktopCleanup.
Use a Connection Pool
Connection pool is a mechanism for creating and managing a pool of connections that are ready to use by a thread that needs them. Instead of closing a connection immediately, it keeps them in a pool such that the next connection request could reuse them. Connection pool, in addition, has a lot of benefits, such as control resource usage.
It's recommended to use connection pool if you want to operate Java Connection directly when developing web-based applications, including ZK applications.
The usage of connection pool is simple: configure, connect and close. The way to connect and close a connection is very similar to the ad-hoc approach, while the configuration depends on what web server and database server are in use.
Connect and Close a Connection
After configuring the connection pool (which will be discussed in the following section), you could use JNDI to retrieve an connection as follows.
public class DatasourceComposer extends SelectorComposer<Window> {
@Wire
private Textbox name;
@Wire
private Textbox email;
@Listen("onClick = button")
public void submit() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
try {
DataSource ds = (DataSource) new InitialContext().lookup("java:comp/env/jdbc/MyDB");
conn = ds.getConnection();
//remember that we specify autocommit as false in the context.xml
conn.setAutoCommit(true);
stmt = conn.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO user values(?, ?)");
stmt.setString(1, name.getValue());
stmt.setString(2, email.getValue());
stmt.executeUpdate();
stmt.close();
stmt = null;
} catch (SQLException e) {
try{
conn.rollback();
}catch(SQLException ex){
//log
}
//(optional log and) ignore
} catch (Exception e) {
//log
} finally { //cleanup
if (stmt != null) {
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException ex) {
//(optional log and) ignore
}
}
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException ex) {
//(optional log and) ignore
}
}
}
}
}
<window title="JDBC demo" border="normal" apply="org.zkoss.reference.developer.integration.DatasourceComposer">
<vbox>
<hbox>Name : <textbox id="name"/></hbox>
<hbox>Email: <textbox id="email"/></hbox>
<button label="submit"/>
</vbox>
</window>
Notes:
- It is important to close the statement and connection after use.
- You could access multiple databases at the same time with multiple connections. Depending on the configuration and J2EE/Web servers, these connections could even form a distributed transaction.
Configure Connection Pool
The configuration of connection pool varies from one J2EE/Web/Database server to another. Here we illustrate some of them. You have to consult the document of the server you are using.
Tomcat 5.5 (and above) + MySQL
To configure connection pool for Tomcat 5.5, you have to edit $TOMCAT_DIR/conf/context.xml
[1], and add the following content under the <Context>
element. The information that depends on your installation and usually need to be changed is marked in the blue color.
<!-- The name you used above, must match _exactly_ here!
The connection pool will be bound into JNDI with the name
"java:/comp/env/jdbc/MyDB"
-->
<Resource name="jdbc/MyDB" username="someuser" password="somepass"
url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"
auth="Container" defaultAutoCommit="false"
driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" maxActive="20"
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis="60000"
type="javax.sql.DataSource" />
Then, in web.xml
, you have to add the following content under the <web-app>
element as follows.
<resource-ref>
<res-ref-name>jdbc/MyDB</res-ref-name>
<res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
<res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>
Notes
- ↑ Thanks Thomas Muller (http://asconet.org:8000/antville/oberinspector) for correction. See also http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-5.5-doc/jndi-resources-howto.html and http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/ZK/How-Tos/HowToHandleHibernateSessions#Working_with_the_Hibernate_session for more details.
JBoss + MySQL
The following instructions is based on section 23.3.4.3 of the reference manual of MySQL 5.0.
To configure connection pool for JBoss, you have to add a new file to the directory called deploy ($JBOSS_DIR/server/default/deploy)
. The file name must end with "*-ds.xml
" (* means the database, please refer to $JBOSS_DIR/docs/examples/jca/
), which tells JBoss to deploy this file as JDBC Datasource. The file must have the following contents. The information that depends on your installation and usually need to be changed is marked in the blue color.
mysql-ds.xml:
<datasources>
<local-tx-datasource>
<!-- This connection pool will be bound into JNDI with the name
"java:/MyDB" -->
<jndi-name>MyDB</jndi-name>
<connection-url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</connection-url>
<driver-class>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driver-class>
<user-name>someuser</user-name>
<password>somepass</password>
<min-pool-size>5</min-pool-size>
<!-- Don't set this any higher than max_connections on your
MySQL server, usually this should be a 10 or a few 10's
of connections, not hundreds or thousands -->
<max-pool-size>20</max-pool-size>
<!-- Don't allow connections to hang out idle too long,
never longer than what wait_timeout is set to on the
server...A few minutes is usually okay here,
it depends on your application
and how much spikey load it will see -->
<idle-timeout-minutes>5</idle-timeout-minutes>
<!-- If you're using Connector/J 3.1.8 or newer, you can use
our implementation of these to increase the robustness
of the connection pool. -->
<exception-sorter-class-name>com.mysql.jdbc.integration.jboss.ExtendedMysqlExceptionSorter</exception-sorter-class-name>
<valid-connection-checker-class-name>com.mysql.jdbc.integration.jboss.MysqlValidConnectionChecker</valid-connection-checker-class-name>
</local-tx-datasource>
</datasources>
To specify the JNDI name at which the datasource is available , you have to add a jboss-web.xml
file under the WEB-INF folder.
jboss-web.xml
<jboss-web>
<resource-ref>
<res-ref-name>jdbc/MyDB</res-ref-name>
<jndi-name> java:/MyDB </jndi-name>
</resource-ref>
</jboss-web>
In web.xml
, you have to add the following content under the <web-app>
element as follows.
<resource-ref>
<res-ref-name>jdbc/MyDB</res-ref-name>
<res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
<res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>
JBoss + PostgreSQL
<datasources>
<local-tx-datasource>
<!-- This connection pool will be bound into JNDI with the name
"java:/MyDB" -->
<jndi-name>MyDB</jndi-name>
<!-- jdbc:postgresql://[servername]:[port]/[database name] -->
<connection-url>jdbc:postgresql://localhost/test</connection-url>
<driver-class>org.postgresql.Driver</driver-class>
<user-name>someuser</user-name>
<password>somepass</password>
<min-pool-size>5</min-pool-size>
<max-pool-size>20</max-pool-size>
<track-statements>false</track-statements>
</local-tx-datasource>
</datasources>
download
- Please download the source(Tomcat 5.5 (and above) + MySQL)
- Please download the source(JBoss + MySQL)