Small Talks/2017/May/Use reCaptcha with ZK

Author
Hawk Chen, Engineer, Potix Corporation

Date
May 9, 2017

Version
ZK 8

Introduction

Google reCAPTCHA is an easy to use and free service that protects your site from spam and bot. Users usually just need one click to pass the check instead of reading twisted words in ZK Captcha. This article will show you how to use it within ZK framework.

Get reCaptcha

Please follow Google's guide to get reCaptcha API key: https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/start.

There are 2 types:

• reCAPTCHA v2
• Invisible reCAPTCHA

Please check Google's document to know which type you need. You need 2 different API key to for 2 types.

How to Apply

Include reCAPTCHA API & Configuration

<zk xmlns:c="client" xmlns:x="xhtml">
	<script type="text/javascript" src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js' defer="true" />
	...
	<x:div id="recaptcha" class="g-recaptcha" 
		data-sitekey="your-key"
		data-callback="afterValidate" />

If the key is correct, you should see the reCaptcha is rendered. If not, open developer tool / Console tab to check an error.

Verify a User Response

You also need to specify a callback function name at data-callback attribute to verify a user's response to a reCAPTCHA challenge at the server side.

MVC Pattern

<zk xmlns:c="client" xmlns:x="xhtml" highlight='4' >
	<script type="text/javascript" src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js' defer="true" />
	<script><![CDATA[ 
		function afterValidate(response){
			zk.Widget.$('$recaptcha').fire('onUserRespond',{'response':response}, {toServer:true}); 
		} 
	]]>
	</script>
	<x:div id="recaptcha" class="g-recaptcha" 
		data-sitekey="${sitekey}"
		data-callback="afterValidate" />	
</zk>

Here we fire an event, onUserRespond, with ZK widget API to send a reCAPTCHA response to the server.

Then we can verify the response according to https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/verify. The verified result is a JSON object, and you can get the success result by key success.

public class RecaptchaComposer extends SelectorComposer<Component> {

	@Wire
	Button submit;
	
	final String SECRET = "6Lcj5AYTAAAAANcaQYWvFkHVSkqR6FsBaCXXw54r"; //from reCaptcha
	
	@Listen("onUserRespond = #recaptcha")
	public void verify(Event event) throws Exception{
		JSONObject result = RecaptchaVerifier.verifyResponse(SECRET, ((JSONObject)event.getData()).get("response").toString());
		if (Boolean.parseBoolean(result.get("success").toString())){
			submit.setDisabled(false);
		}else{
			String errorCode = result.get("error-codes").toString();
			//log or show error
		}
	}
	...
}

• Line 10: RecaptchaVerifier is a helper class that I create to verify a reCAPTCHA response by sending an HTTP request. I make it independent from a composer/ViewModel, so that readers can reuse it. You can check its source code.

MVVM Pattern

If your controller is a ViewModel, we can send a reCAPTCHA response by client command binding.

<zk xmlns:c="client" xmlns:x="xhtml" highlight='6'>
	<script type="text/javascript"
		src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js' defer="true" />
	<script><![CDATA[ 
		function afterValidate(response){
			var commandName = jq('#recaptcha').attr('command');
			zkbind.$('$recaptcha').command(commandName, {"response":response});
		} 
	]]>
	</script>
	<x:div id="recaptcha" class="g-recaptcha" 
		data-sitekey="@load(sitekey)"
		data-callback="afterValidate" command="@load(command)" />		
</zk>

Reuse

We can encapsulate related elements into a template zul to reuse it in a page.

recaptchaTemplate.zul

<zk xmlns:c="client" xmlns:x="xhtml">
	<script type="text/javascript"
		src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js' defer="true" />
	<script><![CDATA[ 
		function afterValidate(response){
			var commandName = jq('#recaptcha').attr('command');
			zkbind.$('$recaptcha').command(commandName, {"response":response});
		} 
	]]>
	</script>
	<x:div id="recaptcha" class="g-recaptcha" 
		data-sitekey="@load(sitekey)"
		data-callback="afterValidate" command="@load(command)" />		
</zk>

• Line 12-13: This template accepts 2 paramters: sitekey, command

recaptchaMvvm.zul

<?component name="recaptcha" templateURI="recaptchaTemplate.zul"?>
<zk >
	<grid id="form" viewModel="@id('vm')@init('org.zkoss.support.smalltalk.recaptcha.RecaptchaVM')" width="400px">
		<columns>
			<column>Form</column>
		</columns>
		<rows>
			<row>
				<cell>
				<recaptcha sitekey="6Lcj5AYTAAAAAHp_ATdyZcWkMi7lzO_JZPMhYj4S" command="verify" />
				</cell>
			</row>
			<row>
				<button id="submit" disabled="@load(vm.disabled)" onClick="@command('submit')">submit</button>
			</row>
		</rows>
	</grid>
</zk>

Invisible reCAPTCHA

Invisible reCAPTCHA doesn't pop up a checkbox to click.

You can just specify data-sitekey, data-callback on a button. When a user clicks the button, reCAPTCHA will verify in the background and call the callback function with a user's response. So that you can verify the response at the server side like the previous example.

<zk xmlns:ca="client/attribute" >
	<script type="text/javascript" src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js' defer="true" />
				<script><![CDATA[ 
		function afterValidate(response){
			zkbind.$('$recaptcha').command('verify', {"response":response});
		} 
	]]>
	</script>
	<grid id="form" 
	viewModel="@id('vm')@init('org.zkoss.support.smalltalk.recaptcha.InvisibleRecaptchaVM')" width="400px">
		<columns>
			<column>Form</column>
		</columns>
		<rows>
			<row>
				other fields
			</row>
			<row>
		    	<button id="recaptcha" sclass="g-recaptcha"
		    		ca:data-sitekey="6Let8B8UAAAAAIe6nfYJbhenKRzmlyAq7s6uXaef"
		    		ca:data-callback='afterValidate'>
		    		Submit
		    	</button>
			</row>
		</rows>
	</grid>	
</zk>

Source Code

github

Comments

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