Latest revision as of 06:03, 5 February 2024

Fragment

Demonstration: N/A
Java API: Fragment
JavaScript API: Fragment
Style Guide: N/A

Available for ZK:

Purpose

Fragment is a ZK component which developers can combine native HTML elements with ZK data binding syntax to make the static page to be dynamic.

Alternative

To manipulate HTML elements dynamically, ZK supports several ways in addition to this component. Please refer to ZK_Developer's_Reference/UI_Patterns/HTML_Tags for more details.

Example

<zk>
    <fragment viewModel="@id('vm') @init('org.zkoss.fragment.demo.VM2')" validationMessages="@id('vmsgs')"
              form="@id('fx') @load(vm) @save(vm, before='submit') @validator(vm.formValidator)"
              prop1="@bind(fx.prop1)" prop1err="@bind(vmsgs['fkey1'])"
              prop2="@bind(fx.prop2)" prop2err="@bind(vmsgs['fkey2'])"><![CDATA[
        <p><input type="text" value="@bind(prop1)"/><span textContent="@load(prop1err)"/></p>
        <p><input type="text" value="@bind(prop2)"/><span textContent="@load(prop2err)"/></p>
        <button onclick="@command('submit')">Submit</button>
    ]]></fragment>
</zk>

Data Binding

With Fragment Component, you can bind the properties of ViewModel. For instance, you can use ZK MVVM data binding to access the ViewModel on the native HTML elements.

Enclose with CDATA

Remember to mark the fragment content with the CDATA section to avoid being parsed by server-side binder and causing problems:

    <fragment><![CDATA[
        ...
    ]]></fragment>

Supported Bindings

These are the supported annotations:

@save

 syntax: @save([limited EL-expression])

@load

 syntax: @load(limited EL-expression)

@bind

 syntax: @bind(limited EL-expression)

@command

 syntax: @command(mybean.myproperty, [arbitraryKey]=[limited EL-expression])

@global-command

 syntax: @global-command(mybean.myproperty, [arbitraryKey]=[limited EL-expression])

Limited EL-expression

Inside a fragment, it only supports partially, limited data binding expressions including bean dot notation, arithmetic operator, !, and ==

Put HTML as text content

This component also provides a virtual textContent attribute for HTML elements to insert data into the tag.

<zk>
    <fragment viewModel="@id('vm') @init('org.zkoss.zktest.test2.F85_ZK_3681_Command_VM')"
              status="@bind(vm.status)"><![CDATA[
        <div>
            <input type="checkbox" onchange="@command('onCheck', checked=event.checked)" />
            Check this checkbox: <span textContent="@load(status)"/>
        </div>

        <div>
            <button onclick="@global-command('callGlobal', text='Hello', num=1)">Call global (1)</button>
            <button onclick="@global-command('callGlobal', text='World', num=2)">Call global (2)</button>
        </div>
    ]]></fragment>
</zk>

Shadow Elements

In this example, we use if and forEach tags together for condition and collection rendering.

<zk>
    <fragment viewModel="@id('vm') @init('org.zkoss.zktest.test2.F85_ZK_3681_Shadow_VM')"
        issues="@bind(vm.issues)"><![CDATA[
        <section>
            <h1>My Issue List</h1>
            <ul>
                <forEach items="@load(issues)">
                    <!-- There's a pre-defined variable "each" for convenience. -->
                    <li>
                        <!-- @bind(each) is wrong because each is just a temp variable in loops. -->
                        <input type="checkbox" checked="@load(each.isDone)" />
                        <if test="@load(each.isDone)">
                            <strike>[<span textContent="@load(each.id)"/>]
                            <span textContent="@load(each.description)"/></strike>
                        </if>
                        <!-- No else for now. -->
                        <if test="@load(!each.isDone)">
                            [<span textContent="@load(each.id)"/>]
                            <span textContent="@load(each.description)"/>
                        </if>
                    </li>
                </forEach>
            </ul>
        <section>
    ]]></fragment>
</zk>

For further details, please refer to Shadow components directly.

Data Validation

Server-side Property/Form Validation

To ensure data is correct and useful, we can leverage ZK's validators.

<zk>
    <fragment viewModel="@id('vm') @init('org.zkoss.fragment.demo.VM1')" validationMessages="@id('vmsgs')"
              prop1="@bind(vm.prop1) @validator(vm.validator1)"
              prop1err="@bind(vmsgs['prop1'])"><![CDATA[
        <input type="text" value="@bind(prop1)"/>
        <span textContent="@load(prop1err)"/>
    ]]></fragment>
</zk>

You can get the invalid message by assigning a self-defined key as an alias. In order to access invalidate messages by HTML elements, you can simply bind the messages onto Fragment properties.

Here we can use form-binding and form validators to validate all the fields.

<zk>
    <fragment viewModel="@id('vm') @init('foo.BarVM')" validationMessages="@id('vmsgs')"
     form="@id('fx') @load(vm.currentUser) @save(vm.currentUser, before='submit') @validator('formBeanValidator', prefix='p_')"
     name="@bind(fx.name)" nameerror="@bind(vmsgs['p_name'])"><![CDATA[
     <input type="text" value="@bind(name)"/><span textContent="@load(nameerror)"/>
     <button onclick="@command('submit')">Submit</button>
    ]]></fragment>
</zk>

Client-side Property Validation

This component also provides a new @jsvalidator running at client side, accepting custom JavaScript functions for validation. The benefit is that there is no need to send requests to the server for each validation. However, since the validation logic will be exposed at client side, some simple check, such as empty checking or range checking, is recommended. The usage is like @validator but it is effective only when applying HTML elements.

@jsvalidator

 syntax: @jsvalidator(validation_function_name)

The following is the definition of custom JavaScript function.

ValidationFunction(val, vmsgs)
* val: The input data.
* vmsgs: 
   The validation message holder object. You can add an invalidate message by adding a new property. 
   If you want to clear the specific message, assign an empty string to the property.
* Returns: Boolean. True if the data is valid.

You can use an implicit object (vmsgs) to get the client-side invalid messages. The @jsvalidator has its own validation message holder not shared with server-side.

<zk>
    <fragment viewModel="@id('vm') @init('foo.BarVM')" someprop="@bind(vm.prop1)"><![CDATA[
        <input type="text" value="@bind(someprop) @jsvalidator('validateExample')"/>
        <span textContent="@load(vmsgs['foo'])"/>
    ]]></fragment>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        function validateExample(val, vmsgs) {
            var isValid = someValidationProcess(val);
            vmsgs['foo'] = isValid ? '' : 'Invalid value';
            return isValid;
        }
    </script>
</zk>

The Differences Between @validator and @jsvalidator

Catalogue	@validator	@jsvalidator
Validate at	Server side	Client side
ZK form validation	Supported	Not supported
Validation message holder	Initialized in validationMessages	An implicit vmsgs object

@validator relies on the server, while @jsvalidator relies on the browser.
@jsvalidator does not support form validation.
The validation message holders are not the same.

For security concerns, we recommend you to use server-side @validator in most cases and choose client-side @jsvalidator if the validation needs an instant feedback such as password strength, number range, and so on.

Event Handling

The command of ViewModel can be invoked by attaching DOM events with @command or @global-command on HTML elements. Once the DOM event is triggered (i.g. clicked or changed), the command of ViewModel will be executed and receive the corresponding event object.

You can get more details from the event object such as mouse cursor position, pressed keys, entered text, and selected text.

ZK Event object	DOM event
MouseEvent	onclick
	oncontextmenu
	ondblclick
	onmousedown
	onmouseenter
	onmouseleave
	onmouseover
	onmouseout
	onmouseup
	ondrag
KeyEvent	onkeydown
	onkeypress
	onkeyup
InputEvent	onchange
InputEvent	oninput
CheckEvent	onchange (checkbox)
CheckEvent	oninput (checkbox)
SelectionEvent	onselect
DropEvent	ondrop
Event	onblur
	onfocus
	onfocusin
	onfocusout

For further details about how to retrieve the event object, please refer to Retrieve Event Object directly.

Properties

content: specify the content of this component.
src: specify the URI of an external content file. The file encoding is assumed to be UTF-8.
recoverId: specify the recover ID.

Supported Events

Name	Event Type
`onRecover`	Event: Event Represents an event sent back to the server caused by an offline recovery.

Supported Children

None

Use Cases

Version	Description	Example Location
8.5+	Data binding, Shadow elements	Client Binding with ZK MVVM for your eyes only
8.5+	Data validation, Event handling	Advanced Usage of Fragment Component

Version History

Last Update : 2024/02/05

Version	Date	Content
8.5	2017/09/21	Add the new Fragment component