Error Handling

Here we describe how to handle errors. An error is caused by an exception that is not caught by the application. An exception might be thrown in two situations: when loading a ZUML document or when serving an AU request (aka, an Ajax request).

Error Handling When Loading ZUML Documents

If an un-caught exception is thrown when loading a ZUML document, it is handled directly by the Web server. In other words, the handling is no different from other servlets.

By default, the Web server displays an error page showing the error message and stack trace. For example,

You can customize the error handling by specifying the error page in WEB-INF/web.xml as follows.

Note: When exceptions are thrown during the ZK UI Lifecycle they are wrapped into a UiException. If you want to handle your own exceptions you can implement the Expectable on your exception type. Exceptions implementing this interface will not be wrapped and can be handled using the <exception-type> element directly.

Note: If the exception you want to handle is a checked exception, it must extend ServletException or IOException. So the Web container can handle them directly in doGet or doPost method.

<!-- WEB-INF/web.xml -->
<error-page>
    <exception-type>java.lang.Throwable</exception-type>    
    <location>/WEB-INF/sys/error.zul</location>    
</error-page>

Then, when an error occurs on loading a page, the Web server forwards the error page you specified, /error/error.zul. Upon forwarding, the Web server passes a set of request attributes to the error page to describe what happens. These attributes are as follows.

Request Attribute	Type
javax.servlet.error.status_code	java.lang.Integer
javax.servlet.error.exception_type	java.lang.Class
javax.servlet.error.message	java.lang.String
javax.servlet.error.exception	java.lang.Throwable
javax.servlet.error.request_uri	java.lang.String
javax.servlet.error.servlet_name	java.lang.String

Then, in the error page, you can display your custom information by the use of these attributes. For example,

<window title="Error ${requestScope['javax.servlet.error.status_code']}">
    Cause: ${requestScope['javax.servlet.error.message']}    
</window>

Tips:

• The error page can be any kind of servlets. In addition to ZUML, you can use JSP or whatever servlet you preferred.
• From java code the request attributes are accessible via Execution.getAttribute(String) or from the requestScope (implicit object).

public class ErrorHandlingComposer extends SelectorComposer<Component> {

	@WireVariable
	private Map<String, Object> requestScope;

	@Override
	public void doAfterCompose(Component comp) throws Exception {

		//via execution.getAttribute()
		Execution execution = Executions.getCurrent();
		Exception ex1 = (Exception) execution.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception");

		//via requestScope map
		Exception ex2 = (Exception) requestScope.get("javax.servlet.error.exception");
	}
}

---

Error Handling when the Client Engine crashes

In rare cases the the client engine stops working before even the error handling is initialized (e.g. when ZK's core scripts fail to download - zk.wpd). In those cases the configured error handler can't be called and ZK falls back to a very basic error handling.

If the client engine didn't initialize within a configurable timeout it will display a generic error message like the screenshot to the right. When this occurs the connection to ZK is usually broken so you can't report errors to the server using ZK's Ajax engine. As the error details are usually visible in the browser's console it's useful to instruct users to report the errors manually or automatically extract and send them to an error handling service which is accessible at that time (not part of ZK).

The possible error codes are mentioned here. Both the timeout and the way the error is presented to the user can be configured within the <client-config> elements.

• <init-crash-script>
• <init-crash-timeout>

Error Handling When Serving AU Requests

If an uncaught exception is thrown when serving an AU request (aka., an Ajax request; such as caused by an event listener), it is handled by the ZK Update Engine. By default, it simply shows up an error message to indicate the error.

For example, suppose we have the following code:

<button label="Cause Error" onClick='throw new NullPointerException("Unknown Value")'/>

Then, if you click the button, the following error message will be shown.

You can customize the error handling by specifying the error page in WEB-INF/zk.xml as described in ZK Configuration Reference. For example,

<!-- zk.xml -->
<error-page>
    <exception-type>java.lang.Throwable</exception-type>    
    <location>/WEB-INF/sys/error.zul</location>    
</error-page>

Then, when an error occurs in an event listener, the ZK Update Engine will create a dialog by the use of the error page you specified, /error/error.zul.

Like error handling in loading a ZUML page, you can specify multiple <error-page> elements. Each of them is associated with a different exception type (the value of <exception-type> element). When an error occurs, ZK will search the error pages one-by-one until the exception type matches.

In addition, ZK passes a set of request attributes to the error page to describe what happens. These attribute are as follows.

Request Attribute	Type
javax.servlet.error.exception_type	java.lang.Class
javax.servlet.error.message	java.lang.String
javax.servlet.error.exception	java.lang.Throwable

For example, you can specify the following content as the error page.

<window title="Error ${requestScope['javax.servlet.error.status_code']}"
width="400px" border="normal" mode="modal" closable="true">
	<vbox>
KillerApp encounters an error: ${requestScope['javax.servlet.error.message']}
		<hbox style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto">
			<button label="Continue" onClick="spaceOwner.detach()"/>
			<button label="Reload" onClick="Executions.sendRedirect(null)"/>
		</hbox>
	</vbox>

	<!-- optional: record the error for improving the app -->
	<zscript>
	org.zkoss.util.logging.Log.lookup("Fatal").error(
		requestScope.get("javax.servlet.error.exception"));
	</zscript>
</window>

Then, when the button is clicked, the following will be shown.

Tips:

• The error page is created at the same desktop that causes the error, so you can retrieve the relevant information from the desktop.
• The order to handle the thrown exception according to it's type is based on the <error-page>'s declaration sequence in zk.xml.

Handling a Custom Exception

If you want to handle your custom exceptions on a separate error page, you need an unwrapped exception. Then you can create a class that extends java.lang.RuntimeException, so that ZK doesn't wrap it with UiException.

If your custom exceptions are checked (must be caught or declared to be thrown), implementing Expectable interface is not sufficient. Your exception class needs to extend javax.servlet.ServletException or java.io.IOException according to the Servlet definitions, so that ZK doesn't wrap it with OperationException and Web container can handle it directly.

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