ZK Testing with Selenium IDE fr

Author
Robert Wenzel, Engineer, Potix Corporation

Date
July 30, 2013

Version
ZK 6.5 (or later)

Introduction

Vous avez donc votre chouette application ZK et vous aimeriez maintenant être de certain qu'elle va fonctionner correctement sur différents navigateurs (et continuera de fonctionner après de changements, ce qui survient souvent de nos jours...). Vous avez bien entendu testé tout ce qui était possible avec votre test unitaire et des tests d'intégration ;-). Vous avez essayé toutes les possibilités offertes par ZATS pour avoir la certitude que vos composants ZK fonctionnent correctement ensemble dans un environnement simulé.

Vous en arrivez donc finalement au point de vouloir garantir le bon fonctionnement de votre application (ou au moins les éléments essentiels de celle-ci) dans un environnement réel (avec d'autres navigateurs, serveur réel d'applications, trafic et latence réseaux réels etc.) - alors, Selenium entre en jeux.

À propos de cet article

Différentes approches existent pour créer des tests avec Selenium:

Par programmation - méthode préférée des développeurs - est déjà développée dans ce Small Talk. Cette méthode vous offre un contrôle maximum sur l'exécution du test et vous permet d'écrire des tests réutilisables, flexibles, facile à mettre à jour et même des cas "intelligents". Bien sure, pour écrire de tels tests, il faut du temps et des ressources.

Il arrive parfois qu'une personne ayant un profil moins technique doive écrire ces tests. On entend alors souvent parler d'outils "record and replay". Selenium IDE possède cette caractéristique "record and replay" mais aussi beaucoup d'autres options adapter et étendre les tests après enregistrement. Dans de raraes cas, les tests enregistrés peuvent être rejoués de façon instantanée. Cependant, particulièrement avec AJAX, certains éléments vont permettre d'éviter l'exécution de vos tests hors carde.

Voici deux exemples (et vous pouvez facilement en trouver d'autres):

• problèmes avec Missing clicks
• quel'qu'un a enregistré ceci video qui explique quelques problèmes

Mais pas de panique, cet article va vous expliquer comment gérer ces cas!

La conclusion majeure est: Voyez plutôt Selenium IDE comme un outil d'enregistrement/adaptation/maintenance et de ré-exécution/débogage lorsque vous construisez vos tests.

Cet article va montrer (via une application web exemple) comment:

• autoriser un enregistrement de test initial dans ZK
• adapter les tests pour pouvoir les rejouer
• garder vos tests maintenables et robustes face aux changements dans vos pages
• ajouter les actions manquantes

Nombre d'idées dans cet article sont basées sur des solutions à des problèmes généraux depuis certains forums et aussi l'expérience des projets passés. Certaines sont simplement le reflet de mes préférences personnelles sur la manière de gérer les choses. Cet article ne montre pas une manière unique d'écrire des tests pour des applications ZK mais met juste en évidence des problèmes et des solutions, discute de certains considérations prises, et explique pourquoi cette approche a été choisie.

Bonne lecture et n'hésitez pas à commenter !!

Environment

• Firefox 22
• Selenium IDE 2.1.0 (Selenium IDE 2.0.0 ne fonctionne pas avec FF >=22)
• JDK 6/7
• ZK 6.5.3
• Maven 3.0

Étapes

Initialisez votre environnement pour cet exemple

• Installez le plugin Selenium IDE dans Firefox via Addons ou download documentation page
• Maven 3.0 download & install
• download le projet exemple, il contient les dossiers suivants:
  • selenium_example/ (l'application exemple, le projet maven)
  • extensions/ (les extension selenium utilisées dans cet article)
  • test_suite/ (une suite de tests Selenium illustrant les concepts discutés ici)
• lancez depuis une ligne de commande

cd selenium_example_app
mvn jetty:run

ou exécutez selenium_testing_app/launch_for_PROD.bat / .sh

• ouvrez l'application test http://localhost:8080/selenium_testing

Situation initiale

1. Lancez Firefox
2. Lancez Selenium IDE CTRL+ALT+S
3. Mettez l'URL de base à "http://localhost:8080/"
4. Ouvrez l'application exemple http://localhost:8080/selenium_testing
5. Enregistrez le login-test et essayez de le ré-exécuter

New Test
open	/selenium_testing/login.zul
type	id=jXDW5	test
type	id=jXDW8	test
clickAndWait	id=jXDWb

Cela parait difficile à lire / maintenir et ne fonctionne même pas :'(

En jetant un coup d’œil aux commandes enregistrées et en comparant les IDs à la page source, nous remarquons que ces derniers sont générés et changés à chaque rafraîchissement de la page. Aucune chance donc d'enregistrer / rejouer de cette manière.

Une manière de rendre les IDs prévisibles est montrée dans la section suivante.

Custom Id Generator

As mentioned in other Small Talks about testing, one strategy is to use a custom IdGenerator implementation to create predictable, readable (with a business meaning) and easily selectable (by selenium) component IDs.

public class TestingIdGenerator implements IdGenerator {

	public String nextComponentUuid(Desktop desktop, Component comp,
			ComponentInfo compInfo) {
        int i = Integer.parseInt(desktop.getAttribute("Id_Num").toString());
        i++;// Start from 1
        
        StringBuilder uuid = new StringBuilder("");
        
        desktop.setAttribute("Id_Num", String.valueOf(i));
        if(compInfo != null) {
        	String id = getId(compInfo);
        	if(id != null) {
        		uuid.append(id).append("_");
        	}
        	String tag = compInfo.getTag();
        	if(tag != null) {
        		uuid.append(tag).append("_");
        	}
        }
        return uuid.length() == 0 ? "zkcomp_" + i : uuid.append(i).toString();
    }

The IDs will look like this:

• {id}_{tag}_{##} (for components with a given id)
• {tag}_{##} (for components without a given id - e.g. listitems in a listbox)
• {zkcomp}_{##} (for other cases, just to make them unique)

e.g. a button in zul-file

<button id="login" label="login" />

will become something like this in HTML in browser (number can vary):

<button id="login_button_12" class="z-button-os" type="button">login</button>

In order to separate production from test configuration we can include an additional config file at startup to enable the TestingIdGenerator only for testing. In ZK this is possible by setting the library property org.zkoss.zk.config.path (also refer to our Testing Tips)

e.g. via VM argument -Dorg.zkoss.zk.config.path=/WEB-INF/zk-test.xml

Windows:

set MAVEN_OPTS=-Dorg.zkoss.zk.config.path=/WEB-INF/zk-test.xml
mvn jetty:run

Linux:

export MAVEN_OPTS=-Dorg.zkoss.zk.config.path=/WEB-INF/zk-test.xml
mvn jetty:run

or execute selenium_testing_app/launch_for_TEST.bat / .sh

Now we get nicer and deterministic IDs when recording a test case.

After recording login-test again and we get this:

login test
open	/selenium_testing/login.zul
type	id=username_textbox_6	test
type	id=password_textbox_9	test
clickAndWait	id=login_button_12

This already looks nice, and self explaining - but unfortunately still fails to replay

Why this happens and how to fix it? See next section ...

ZK specific details

Due to the nature of rich web applications, JavaScript is generally heavily used, but Selenium IDE does not record all events by default. In our case here the "blur" events of the input fields have not been recorded, but ZK relies on them to determine updated fields. So, we need to manually add selenium commands "fireEvent target blur".Unfortunately Selenium does not offer a nice equivalent like "focus" action.

login test
open	/selenium_testing/login.zul
type	id=username_textbox_6	test
fireEvent	id=username_textbox_6	blur
type	id=password_textbox_9	test
fireEvent	id=password_textbox_9	blur
clickAndWait	id=login_button_12
assertLocation	*/selenium_testing/index.zul
verifyTextPresent	Welcome test
verifyTextPresent	Feedback Overview

Replaying the script now works :D, and we see the overview page (also added a few verifications for that).

Selenium Extensions

If you find the syntax of "fireEvent" hard to remember or think it is too inconvenient to add an additional line just to update an input field there's help using a Selenium Core extension. The extension - file usually called user-extensions.js can be used in both Selenium IDE and Selenium RC when running the tests outside of Selenium IDE (please refer to selenium documentation).

This snippet shows 2 simple custom actions:

blur

convenient action to avoid "fireEvent locator blur"

typeAndBlur

combines the type with a blur event, to make ZK aware of the input change automatically

Selenium.prototype.doBlur = function(locator) {
    // All locator-strategies are automatically handled by "findElement"
    var element = this.page().findElement(locator);
    // Fire the "blur" event
    this.doFireEvent(locator, "blur")
};

Selenium.prototype.doTypeAndBlur = function(locator, text) {
    // All locator-strategies are automatically handled by "findElement"
    var element = this.page().findElement(locator);

    // Replace the element text with the new text
    this.page().replaceText(element, text);
    // Fire the "blur" event
    this.doFireEvent(locator, "blur")
};

To enable it just add the file (extensions/user-extension.js in the example zip) to the Selenium IDE configuration. (the file contains another extension ... more about when discussing custom locators)

(Selenium IDE Options > Options... > [General -Tab] > Selenium Core extensions)

Then restart Selenium IDE - close the window, and reopen it - e.g. by [CTRL+ALT+S]

Adapted test using the blur action:

login test
open	/selenium_testing/login.zul
type	id=username_textbox_6	test
blur	id=username_textbox_6
type	id=password_textbox_9	test
blur	id=password_textbox_9
clickAndWait	id=login_button_12

Same test using the typeAndBlur:

login test
open	/selenium_testing/login.zul
typeAndBlur	id=username_textbox_6	test
typeAndBlur	id=password_textbox_9	test
clickAndWait	id=login_button_12

It is not required to use either of these extensions, but saving 1 line for each input is my personal preference.

Another thing to keep in mind is robustness and maintenance effort of test-cases when changes in the UI happen ... the generated numbers at the end of each ID are still an obstacle in this way as they are prone to change every time a component is added or removed above that component.

Wouldn't it be nice to avoid having to adapt test cases that often? Read on...

Improve robustness and maintainability

Locators in Selenium

To remove the hard coded running numbers of the component IDs from our test cases Selenium offers e.g. XPath or CSS locators.

Using XPath is it possible to select a node by its ID-prefix:

//input[starts-with(@id, 'username_')]

This will work as long as the prefix "username_" is unique on the page, otherwise will perform the action on the first element found. So it is a good idea for this scenario to give widgets suitable IDs (plus: it will also improve the readability of source code).

In more complex cases one can select nested components to distinguish components with the same ID (e.g. in different ID spaces). e.g. if the "street" component appears several times on the page use this:

//div[starts-with(@id, 'deliveryAddress_')]//input[starts-with(@id, 'street_')]
//div[starts-with(@id, 'billingAddress_')]//input[starts-with(@id, 'street_')]

Another example to locate the "delete" button in the currently selected row of a listbox using ID prefixes, CSS-class and text comparison.

//div[starts-with(@id, 'overviewList_')]//tr[contains(@class, 'z-listitem-seld')]//button[text() = 'delete']

NOTE: Make sure not too use the "//" operator too extensively in XPath, as it might perform badly (for me this never was a matter so far, as there are much worse performance bottle necks, affecting your test execution speed - discussed later).

This sheet provided by Michael Sorens is an excellent reference with many helpful examples on how to select page elements in various situations.

So now we can change the test case to use this kind of XPath locator, searching only by ID prefix:

login test
open	/selenium_testing/login.zul
typeAndBlur	//input[starts-with(@id, 'username_')]	test
typeAndBlur	//input[starts-with(@id, 'password_')]	test
clickAndWait	//button[starts-with(@id, 'login_')]

Done that, the order of the components may change without breaking the test, as long as the actual IDs are not changed. Of course this requires some manual work, but the effort invested once will pay off quickly as your project evolves.

Custom Locator and LocatorBuilder

If you don't want to change the locator to XPath manually every time after you record a test case, Selenium IDE has more to offer. Even improving the readability.

Custom Locator

In the user-extensions.js from above you'll find a custom locator that will hide some of the XPath complexity for simple locate scenarios. It is based on the format of IDs generated by TestingIdGenerator (from above).

// The "inDocument" is the document you are searching.
PageBot.prototype.locateElementByZkTest = function(text, inDocument) {
    // Create the text to search for
	
    var text2 = text.trim();

	var separatorIndex = text2.indexOf(" ");
	
	var elementNameAndIdPrefix = (separatorIndex != -1 ? text2.substring(0, separatorIndex) : text2).split("#");
	var xpathSuffix = separatorIndex != -1 ? text2.substring(separatorIndex + 1) : "";
	
	var elementName = elementNameAndIdPrefix[0] || "*";
	var idPrefix = elementNameAndIdPrefix[1];

	var xpath = "//" + elementName + "[starts-with(@id, '" + idPrefix + "')]" + xpathSuffix;

    return this.xpathEvaluator.selectSingleNode(inDocument, xpath, null, this._namespaceResolver);
};

This locator will work in 2 forms

1. zktest=#login_
2. zktest=input#username_

Internally generated/queried XPaths will be

1. //*[starts-with(@id, 'login_')]
2. //input[starts-with(@id, 'username_')]

1. will look for any element with an ID starting with "login_"
2. will also test the elements html tag, and find the <input> element with the ID-prefix "username_..."

In addition, it is possible to append any further XPath to narrow down the results.

e.g. (to locate the second option in a <select> element)

zktest=select#priority_ /option[2]

will become in XPath

//select[starts-with(@id, 'priority_')]/option[2]

Even if this locator is very basic (could be extended if one needs), It already improves readability of many use-cases.

Custom LocatorBuilder

In order to make this really handy, Selenium IDE offers extensions too (don't mix this up with Selenium Core Extension)

Add IDE extension file extensions/zktest-Selenium-IDE-extension.js from example.zip to selenium config

(Selenium IDE Options > Options... > [General -Tab] > Selenium IDE extensions)

and move it up in the Locator Builder priority list.

(Selenium IDE Options > Options... > [Locator Builders - Tab])

It contains the following LocatorBuilder which will generate the locator in form "zktest=elementTag#IdPrefix" mentioned above using only the first part of the ID (the ID prefix - its business name). If an ID does not contain 3 tokens separated by "_" it will use the full ID instead of including the sequential number, this will indicate that the element has no ID specified and another location approach may be better, or just give it an ID in the zul file.

 
LocatorBuilders.add('zktest', function(e) {
	var idTokens = e.id.split("_")
	if (idTokens.length > 2) {
		idTokens.pop();
		idTokens.pop();
		return "zktest=" + e.nodeName.toLowerCase() + "#" + idTokens.join("_") + "_";
	} else {
		return "zktest=" + "#" + e.id;
	}
	return null;
});

Restart Selenium IDE and record the test case again... and you'll get this (after changing the type to typeAndBlur events).

New Test
open	/selenium_testing/login.zul
typeAndBlur	zktest=input#username_	test
typeAndBlur	zktest=input#password_	test
clickAndWait	zktest=button#login_

More Tests

Let's record a test case for editing and saving an existing "feedback item" in the list, verify the results, and a logout test. These tests introduce new challenges testing an ajax applications with Selenium - and their solution or workarounds.

Now that we are actually changing data I adapted the login test, to use a random user each time. So that the Mock implementation will serve fresh data for each test run, without having to restart the server, or having to cleanup (there are other strategies possible to do the same - that's just what I use here).

login test
store	javascript{'testUser'+Math.floor(Math.random()*10000000)}	username
open	/selenium_testing/login.zul
typeAndBlur	zktest=input#username_	${username}
typeAndBlur	zktest=input#password_	${username}
clickAndWait	zktest=button#login_
assertLocation	*/selenium_testing/index.zul
verifyTextPresent	logout ${username}

Edit and Save Test

After recording and applying the typeAndBlur actions we get the following.

edit save test
open	/selenium_testing/index.zul
click	zktest=#button_27
typeAndBlur	zktest=input#subject_	Subject 1 (updated)
typeAndBlur	zktest=input#topic_	consulting
select	zktest=select#priority_	label=low
click	zktest=#listitem_62
typeAndBlur	zktest=textarea#comment_	test comment (content also updated)
click	zktest=button#submit_
assertTextPresent	Feedback successfully updated
verifyTextPresent	subject=Subject 1 (updated)
verifyTextPresent	[text=test comment (content also updated)]
verifyTextPresent	priority=low
click	zktest=button#backToOverview_
assertTextPresent	Feedback Overview

We still see some hard-coded numbers. I'll just delete the "click zktest=#listitem_62" as the "select" will command will just do fine (Selenium IDE will sometimes record more than you need, and sometimes not enough - by default).

Interesting for now is the locator "zktest=#button_27" - one of the the "edit" button. If we try to give it an ID in the zul code it will fail to render (duplicate ID), because the button is rendered multiple times - once for each <listitem>. (one workaround could be to surround it by an <idspace> component or include the buttons from a different file). But it is not necessary - using the right locator XPath.

Locating an Element inside a Listbox

If you just want to locate the first edit button in the list you can use (it will find the button by its text and not by its ID):

pure XPath:

//*[starts-with(@id, 'overviewList_')]//button[text() = 'edit']

or combine with the "zktest" selector from the selenium extension above

zktest=#overviewList_ //button[text() = 'edit']

more interesting is it to locate by index, e.g. exactly the second edit button

xpath=(//*[starts-with(@id, 'overviewList_')]//button[text() = 'edit'])[2]

or even more fun to select the "edit" button inside a <listitem> containing a specific text in a cell

xpath=//*[starts-with(@id, 'overviewList_')]//*[starts-with(@id, 'listitem_')][.//*[starts-with(@id, 'listcell_')][text() = 'Subject 2']]//button[text() = 'edit']

This can get infinitely complex, and reduce the readability of your testcase. That's why it is also a good idea to write comments (see screenshot below) in your test case (yes, test cases can have comments too).

Even though complex this last locator is still quite stable to changes in the UI. Especially when the <listbox> content changes, you can still use it to find the same <listitem> (and its contained button) several times in a test case.

Using Variables

Repeating those complex locators in the test scripts will give you a headache maintaining them, when e.g. the label of the button changes from "edit" to "update". It is better to "store" locator strings or parts of them in variables, which can be reused throughout the test.

These are just a few general ideas, about what can be done to reduce the work in maintaining test cases, increasing stability or make them more readable - at reasonable investment when setting them up (recording and adjusting) initially.

Waiting for AJAX

However rerunning the test suite at full speed (which is what we should always aim for) will or may sometimes - fail, because we don't wait long enough for ajax responses to render... there is no full page reload so Selenium IDE does not wait automatically.

An idea might be to reduce the test speed... which would affect every step in all test cases, so we try to avoid that. Also in our feedback example there is a longer operation when clicking the "submit" button (2 seconds). Delaying every Step by 2 seconds would be devastating for our overall replay duration.

Another possibility is using the pause command and specify the number of milliseconds to wait. Also here the execution speed might vary so we are either waiting too short, so that errors still occur, or we wait too long ("just to be sure") and waste time - both not desirable.

Luckily Selenium comes with a variety of waitFor... actions, which stops the execution until a condition is met. A useful subsection is:

• waitForTextPresent - wait until a text is present anywhere on the page
• waitForText - wait until an element matching a locator has the text
• waitForElementPresent - wait until an element matched by a locator becomes rendered
• waitForVisible - wait until an element matched by a locator becomes visible

The previously recorded "edit save test" would likely fail in line 3 just after the click on the edit button. Between Step 2 and 3 ZK is updating parts of the page using AJAX, causing a short delay (but long enough for our test to fail - when running at full speed).

edit save test
open	/selenium_testing/index.zul
click	zktest=#overviewList_ //button[text() = 'edit']
typeAndBlur	zktest=input#subject_	Subject 1 (updated)
typeAndBlur	zktest=input#topic_	consulting
select	zktest=select#priority_	label=low
typeAndBlur	zktest=textarea#comment_	test comment (content also updated)
click	zktest=button#submit_
assertTextPresent	Feedback successfully updated
...	...	...

So we have to wait e.g. until the new Headline "New/Edit Feedback" is present that the AJAX update has finished. And wait after submitting the feedback article accordingly - replace the "assertTextPresent" with "waitForTextPresent". Also the last assert... can be replaced.

edit save test
open	/selenium_testing/index.zul
click	zktest=#overviewList_ //button[text() = 'edit']
waitForTextPresent	New/Edit Feedback
typeAndBlur	zktest=input#subject_	Subject 1 (updated)
typeAndBlur	zktest=input#topic_	consulting
select	zktest=select#priority_	label=low
typeAndBlur	zktest=textarea#comment_	test comment (content also updated)
click	zktest=button#submit_
waitForTextPresent	Feedback successfully updated
verifyTextPresent	subject=Subject 1 (updated)
verifyTextPresent	[text=test comment (content also updated)]
verifyTextPresent	priority=low
click	zktest=button#backToOverview_
waitForTextPresent	Feedback Overview

Now this test can run as fast as possible adapting automatically, to any speedup, or slowdown of the test server.

It is also possible to implicitly wait in general for AJAX to finish at a technical level [covered here]. Personally I think it is tempting at first. After a second thought, I prefer the idea to explicitly wait (via waitForXXX) for your expected results - only when there is need to wait.

Like that you find out directly that something on your page has affected the performance (= user experience) - in case the test suddenly fails after a change affecting the responsiveness of your application.

Additionally, there might be another delay after the AJAX response has finished, until the expected component is finally rendered on the page or visible (e.g. due to an animation). So this approach may still fail - just bear that in mind.

Logout Test

This test should be very simple, but still there is a catch. When trying to record this test, we notice that Seleniume-IDE won't record clicking on the logout button. Selenium IDE is not very predictable about which events are recorded and which are ignored. In this case the it is a <toolbarbutton> which is rendered as a <div> so maybe that's why.

(There is a [stackoverflow question about this] and also an [IDE extension] available to enable recording of ALL clicks in a test. I tried this one - and didn't like the big number of clicks recorded. In the end I leave it up to you to uncomment this in the IDE extension for Locator Builder provided above and judge yourself - maybe you want to test exactly this.)

As we know its name (or we can easily find out with tools like firebug) we just add another click event manually and change the locator to "zktest=div#logout_"

logout test
click	zktest=div#logout_
waitForTextPresent	Login (with same username as password)
assertLocation	*/selenium_testing/login.zul

Other Components Examples

Other components require some extra attention too when recording events on them (sometimes you might wonder why the results are varying). So here are just a few examples.

Button (mold="trendy")

The "new/edit page" of the example application contains 2 submit buttons - rendered using different molds: "default" and "trendy". Both have the same effect (save the feedback item). When you try to record the click event of the second one - labelled "submitTrendy" - Selenium IDE just ignores the click.

Funny thing is, when you first focus another window on your desktop and then click the button directly - without prior focusing the browser window - it gets recorded. But our custom locator builder does not match here. So we get some other generic locator strings. (The "trendy" button is rendered using a layout table and images for the round corners.)

The second choice contains the component ID, we can use to build our own locator string.

zktest=#submitTrendy_

This would usually be sufficient but not in this example. When we test it, clicking on the "Find" button in Selenium IDE we see it is selecting the whole cell around it. ZK has generated some html elements of the layout grid around our button sharing the same ID prefix. Inspecting the element in the browser we can see the element we really want to click and that it is an element with a style class "z-button"

<span id="submitTrendy_button_129" class="z-button">

So a more specific locator would look like this

zktest=span#submitTrendy_

or that

zktest=#submitTrendy_ [@class = "z-button"]

equivalent XPaths are:

//span[starts-with(@id, 'submitTrendy_')]
//*[starts-with(@id, 'submitTrendy_')][@class="z-button"]

Menu

Recording events on a <menubar> (even with submenus) is generally very simple. Unless you click the "wrong" areas while recording highlighted in red see image below. If you just click the menu(item)-texts (green) Selenium IDE will create nice locators, otherwise it will fallback to some other strategy, using CSS or generated XPath which might surprise you (this is no bug in Selenium IDE, it is just a different html element receiving the click event).

menu test (not working for us)
click	css=td.z-menu-inner-m > div
click	css=span.z-menuitem-img

What you get avoiding the red areas.

menu test (what we want)
click	zktest=button#feedbackMenu_
click	zktest=a#newFeedbackMenuItem_

Tabbox

When all your <tab>s and <tabpanel>s (and nested components) have unique IDs everything is simple, but when it comes to dynamically added tabs without nice Ids things get a bit tricky.

So in our example some manual work is required to record interactions with the "comments" tabbox.

The "new comment"-button is again a toolbarbutton like the "logout"-button, so its events are not recorded automatically to create a new comment-tab just add this "click zktest=div#newComment_" manually will create a new tab. Now how to activate the new tab (Comment 1).

Locating a Tab

Automatic recording will give us this, which will work for now, and fail again after a change to the page.

click zktest=#tab_261-cnt

To avoid the hard-coded index, and truly being sure the second tab (inside our comments tabbox) is selected I would prefer this

//div[starts-with(@id, 'comments_')]//li[starts-with(@id, 'tab_')][2]

or (locating by label)

//div[starts-with(@id, 'comments_')]//li//span[text() = 'Comment 1']

It could be simplified increasing the chance of possible future failure (if there is another li inside the "comments" tabbox) using the custom zktest locator

zktest=div#comments_ //li//span[text() = 'Comment 1']

Locating a Tabpanel

Locating e.g. the <textarea> to edit the comment of the currently selected tab is somewhat more difficult, as the <tabpanels> component is not in the same branch of the Browser-DOM tree as the <tabs> component.

Easiest is to locate by index (if you know it):

//div[starts-with(@id, 'comments_')]//div[starts-with(@id, 'tabpanel_')][2]//textarea

or

zktest=div#comments_ //div[starts-with(@id, 'tabpanel_')][2]//textarea

Selecting by label of selected Tab is somewhat complex (I am sure there is a simpler solution to it - if you know feel free to share):

xpath=(//div[starts-with(@id, 'comments_')]//textarea[starts-with(@id, 'comment_')])[count(//div[starts-with(@id, 'comments_')]//li[.//span[text() = 'Comment 2']]/preceding-sibling::*)+1]

Once again we see locators are very flexible - just be creative.

Combobox

Comboboxes are also very dynamic components. So if you just want to test your page, it is easiest to just "typeAndBlur" a value into them.

typeAndBlur zktest=input#topic_ theValue

If you really need to test the <comboitems> are populated correctly, my first suggestion is to test your ListSubModel implementation in a unit test in pure java code. But if you really really need to test this in a page test you can select the combobox-dropdown button with:

zktest=i#topic_ /i
or
zktest=i#topic_ [contains(@id, '-btn')]

XPath equivalents

//i[starts-with(@id, 'topic_')]/i
or
//i[starts-with(@id, 'topic_')][contains(@id, '-btn')]

To select the "consulting" <comboitem> - via mouse - you could use the following:

New Test
click	zktest=i#topic_ /i
waitForVisible	zktest=div#topic_ /table
click	zktest=div#topic_ //tr[starts-with(@id, 'comboitem_')]//td[text() = 'consulting']

In many cases there is no general recipe, about what is right. In most cases it helps to inspect the page source and do what you need.

Putting it all together

The example package contains a running test suite featuring all the discussed topics from above.

It contains 4 test cases. 3 from above and a longer test case "new re-edit test" showing some more complex component interactions.

• login test
• edit save test
• new re-edit test
• logout test

To see it running you need to:

1. Unpack the downloaded zip file
2. Launch the testing application in test mode (/selenium_testing_app/launch_for_TEST.bat or selenium_testing_app/launch_for_TEST.sh)
3. Open the Selenium IDE in Firefox ([CTRL+ALT+S])
4. Make sure the extensions are configured (/extensions/user-extension.js) - if not, configure them, close and restart Selenium IDE
5. In Selenium IDE open the sample test suite (/test_suite/suite.html)
6. Check the Base URL - should be http://localhost:8080/
7. Click the button "Play entire Test Suite"
8. Lean back and watch...

Run against different Browsers using Selenium Server

There are many ways of running your tests against different browsers using Selenium Server. As this is not the focus of this document, here are just a few command line examples to see if your suite will actually run outside of Selenium IDE using Selenium Server 2.33 (while writing this document the latest version 2.33 only supports Firefox up to version 21.0)

Place the selenium-server-standalone-2.33.0.jar in the folder where you unzipped this example and run a command prompt at the same path: (of course you might have to adapt the paths of your browser executables)

execute with Firefox 21.0:

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.33.0.jar -userExtensions extensions/user-extensions.js -htmlSuite "*firefox C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox 21\firefox.exe" "http://localhost:8080" test_suite/suite.html test_suite/results.html

execute with google chrome:

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.33.0.jar -userExtensions extensions/user-extensions.js -htmlSuite "*googlechrome C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" "http://localhost:8080" test_suite/suite.html test_suite/results.html

Appendix

Download

selenium-IDE-example.zip

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