Building Stateless UI

Setting up

To set up stateless components in a ZK 10 application, you need to include the stateless components module and define a Dispatcher Richlet Filter in your `WEB-INF/web.xml` file.

Including Required Jar

dependencies {
    implementation "org.zkoss.zk:stateless:${zkVersion}"
    ...
}

Dispatcher Richlet Filter

<filter>
    <filter-name>DispatcherRichletFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.zkoss.stateless.ui.http.DispatcherRichletFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>basePackages</param-name>
        <param-value><!-- your base packages --></param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>DispatcherRichletFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

Restful URL Mapping

In ZK 10, URL mapping is similar to using RESTful API. We use @RichletMapping to represent mapping the HTTP Request path with the GET method.

• for example, the shoppingCart() URL will be <protocal>:// <host name: port> /shoppingCart.

    @RichletMapping("/shoppingCart")
    public class DemoRichlet implements StatelessRichlet {
        @RichletMapping("")
        public List<IComponent> shoppingCart() {
            //return ...
        }
    }

Composing the UI with Stateless Components

Before ZK 10, ZK components are stateful, meaning that the server holds the state. Starting from ZK 10, we provide a set of stateless components as Immutable objects. Immutable objects are constructed once and can not be changed after they are constructed. After Immutable objects are rendered, they will be destroyed. Since the component state will not be saved on the server, they consume less memory.

UI Composing

With ZK 10 stateless components, you will no longer write a zul file. You will be composing your view using the stateless components and their APIs in Java.

• ZK component having a prefix letter "I" represents an immutable component.
• We offer of() API for commonly used properties.
• withSclass() means the setter of sclass.

    // ZK 10
    IButton.of("add items")
           .withSclass("add-items");

    // ZK 9
    // equivalent idea as above.
    Button button = new Button("add items");
    button.setSclass("add-items");

Event Wiring

To wire an event listener, you need to declare the ActionHandler method, with an annotation @Action.

• The method should be public.
• The parameter of @Action should be one of event types.
• Wire the action handler with the target component by withAction(ActionHandler action).

    // ActionHandler method
    @Action(type = Events.ON_CLICK) // Wiring event
    public void addItem() {
        ...
    }

    public IComponent demo() {
         return IButton.of("add items").withSclass("add-items")
                .withAction(this::addItem);
    }

Obtain Widget State

Since a server no longer holds a component's state, we provide @ActionVariable to access component attributes and state sent from the client.

• @ActionVariable(targetId = ActionTarget.SELF, field = "id") retrieves the value from the field of a component with the targetId on the client.
• ActionTarget.SELF means it targets the component associates to the event itself.

    @Action(type = Events.ON_CLICK)
    public void addItem(@ActionVariable(targetId = ActionTarget.SELF, field = "id") String orderId) {
    }

Update Widget State

To update the widget state, we provide several APIs in UiAgent. The state will be updated to the client immediately.

• The following example will add the specified child component as the last child to the locator.

    @Action(type = Events.ON_CLICK)
    public void addItem(@ActionVariable(targetId = SELF, field = "id") String orderId) {
        UiAgent.getCurrent().appendChild(Locator.ofId("shoppingBagRows"), addShoppingBagItem(parseUuid(orderId)));
    }

Conclusion

In this article, I have briefly introduced how you can use ZK 10's stateless components to build a could-native application to enjoy scalability, auto-provisioning, boosted performance, and reduced memory. This architectural change also increases the modularity and allows you to easily bridge with other modern applications and microservices.

We welcome you to download ZK 10 Freshly and build your first cloud-native application today!

Note. Stateless Component is a new feature in ZK 10 providing lighter and faster experiences and a cloud-friendly architecture. If you are not ready, you can still use ZK 10 in the same way as you usually do.

Example Application

You can download the shopping cart demo project.